| Pain or soreness (DOMS) |
Meta analysis shows reduced DOMS within 24-48 hours.[2] |
Evidence mixed and lower quality for DOMS relief.[6] |
Some trials show short term soreness reduction.[9] |
| Flexibility or ROM |
Improved tissue extensibility via heat exposure.[3] |
Indirect impact via activation protocols. |
Acute gains in flexibility or ROM reported.[8] |
| Strength or performance |
Supports recovery, limited proof of direct strength gains.[5] |
Systematic reviews show strength and mass gains in rehab and training contexts.[4] |
Mixed results; some acute improvements, other trials null.[10] |
| Recovery speed |
Reviews highlight support for functional recovery mechanisms.[1] |
Can aid recovery in athletes within structured protocols.[7] |
Useful for symptom relief, limited proof of faster tissue repair.[11] |